Modelling tool capability overview

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Background & basic characteristics of reviewed modelling tools
Characteristic WRSM-Pitman SPATSIM Pitman ACRU SWAT MIKE-SHE
Current curator / developer Bailey & Pitman Water Resources Ltd Rhodes University, Institute of Water Resources University of KwaZulu Natal, Centre for Water Resources Research Texas A&M University & US Department of Agriculture Danish Hydrologic Institute (DHI)
Free to access yes yes yes yes no
Version reviewed WRSM-Pitman version 2.9 SPATSIM GWv3 Global Options Threaded model ACRU 4 SWAT & ArcSWAT 2012 MIKE-SHE & MIKE Hydro River, version 2017
Reference documents Theory manual: (Bailey, 2015);

User manual: (Bailey and Pitman, 2016)

Theory papers: (Hughes, 2004, 2013; Kapangaziwiri, 2007);

User manual: (Hughes, 2019)

Theory manual: (Schulze, 1995);

User manuals: (Clark et al., 2012; Schulze and Davis, 2018)

Theory manual: (Neitsch et al., 2011);

User manuals: (Arnold et al., 2012)

Theory manuals:(DHI, 2017a, 2017b);

User’s manuals:(DHI, 2017d, 2017c)

Developed in South Africa yes yes yes no no
Intended spatial scale

(catchment or model area)

Local to regional:

no suggested min-max model size

Local to regional:

10-10,000’s of km2, more typical:

100-1,000’s km2

Field to regional:

no suggested min-max model size

Field to regional:

no suggested min-max model size

Field to regional:

no suggested min-max model size

Spatial discretisation Modules (runoff modules (subcat), special sub-areas, channels, reservoirs) linked by routes Subcatchments + limited internal sub-area types HRUs within subcatchments HRUs within subcatchments Fully distributed (gridded)

OR

combinations of grids and zones for different process calculations within subcatchments

(if all process zones align, would act like HRUs)

Intended subcat size < 1,000 km2 Intended subcat size 5-50 km2;

HRU size < 30km2

Timestep Monthly* Monthly* Daily Daily, sub-daily Daily, sub-daily (dynamic timestep length, specified by processes)
Intended modelling applications (as documented):
Water balance estimation yes yes yes yes yes
Design hydrology (flood peaks) yes yes yes
Supply planning (general) yes yes yes yes yes
Reservoir yield yes yes yes yes yes
Irrigation planning yes yes yes yes
Groundwater recharge yes yes yes yes yes
Groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interactions & pumping impacts yes yes yes
Land cover change impacts yes yes yes yes yes
Climate change impacts yes yes yes yes yes
Application limitations (as documented) Not for peak flow, flood assessment, or design hydrology Not for peak flow, flood assessment, design hydrology Not represent deep GW processes - not for GW pumping impact Not represent deep GW processes (None listed in documentation for system as whole, only for certain process options within it. The many options do steepen the learning curve for use.)
Specific development focuses particular to tool
  • Flexible network for tracking managed system transfers,
  • GW-SW interaction,
  • IAP & plantation forestry water use
  • Parsimony,
  • Uncertainty assessment,
  • GW-SW interactions
  • Land cover type representation,
  • Crop & irrigation detail,
  • IAP & plantation forestry water use
  • Land cover type representation,
  • Crop & irrigation detail,
  • Coupling to GIS tools
  • Spatial discretisation & fine scale processes,
  • GW-SW interaction,
  • Coupled hydraulic channel model with overbank flood process representation