Difference between revisions of "Process representation across tools"

From Hydromodel SA Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 265: Line 265:
  
 
== Evapotranspiration (ET) from soil moisture (SM) ==
 
== Evapotranspiration (ET) from soil moisture (SM) ==
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! scope="col" style="width:10%" | Algorithm <br/>description
 +
! scope="col" style="background: #F2CEE0; width:15%" |WRSM-Pitman
 +
! scope="col" style="background: #F2D4CE; width:15%" |SPATSIM-Pitman
 +
! scope="col" style="background: #CEF2CE; width:15%" |ACRU4
 +
! scope="col" style="background: #F2F2CE; width:15%" |SWAT2012
 +
! scope="col" style="background: #CEE6F2; width:15%" |MIKE-SHE,</br>[[Coverage of structural options within modelling tools#MIKE-SHE|semi-distributed, </br>more conceptual]]
 +
! scope="col" style="background: #CEDAF2; width:15%" |MIKE-SHE,</br>[[Coverage of structural options within modelling tools#MIKE-SHE|fully-distributed, </br>more physical]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="vertical-align: top" |<br/>'''Algorithm <br/>inputs''' <br/>''(input data,<br/>parameters,<br/>model-calculated<br/>states/storages)''
 +
| style="background: #FFF5FA; vertical-align: top" |
 +
<br/>
 +
* Rain
 +
* Rainfall distribution factor
 +
* Soil moisture ''(state)''
 +
* ''Soil properties:''
 +
** Saturation soil moisture
 +
** Infiltration rate distribution (min, max)
 +
<br/>
 +
| style="background: #FFF7F5; vertical-align: top" |
 +
<br/>
 +
* Rain
 +
* Rainfall distribution factor
 +
* Soil moisture ''(state)''
 +
* ''Soil properties:''
 +
** Saturation soil moisture
 +
** Infiltration rate distribution (min, max)
 +
<br/>
 +
| style="background: #F5FFF5; vertical-align: top" |
 +
<br/>
 +
* Throughfall (rain-interception)
 +
* Soil moisture within "infiltration depth"''(state)''
 +
* ''Soil properties:''
 +
** Saturation soil moisture
 +
** "Infiltration depth" parameter
 +
** Macropore by-pass (clay cracking)
 +
<br/>
 +
| style="background: #FFFFF5; vertical-align: top"|
 +
<br/>
 +
* Throughfall (rain-interception)
 +
* Soil moisture ''(state)''
 +
* ''Soil properties:''
 +
** Saturation soil moisture
 +
** Curve number (SCS-CN)
 +
** Macropore by-pass
 +
<br/>
 +
| style="background: #F5FCFF; vertical-align: top" |
 +
<br/>
 +
* Throughfall (rain-interception)
 +
* Soil moisture ''(state)''
 +
* ''Soil properties:''
 +
** Saturation soil moisture
 +
** Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K<small>sat</small>),
 +
** Macropore by-pass
 +
<br/>
 +
| style="background: #F5F8FF; vertical-align: top" |
 +
<br/>
 +
* Throughfall (rain-interception)
 +
* Soil moisture ''(state)''
 +
* ''Soil properties:''
 +
** Saturation soil moisture
 +
** Soil moisture retention curve
 +
** Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K<small>sat</small>),
 +
** Macropore by-pass
 +
<br/>
 +
|-
 +
| style="vertical-align: top" |'''Function <br/>type'''
 +
| style="background: #FFF5FA; vertical-align: top" |non-linear & threshold
 +
| style="background: #FFF7F5; vertical-align: top" |non-linear & threshold
 +
| style="background: #F5FFF5; vertical-align: top" |power & threshold
 +
| style="background: #FFFFF5; vertical-align: top" |power & threshold
 +
| style="background: #F5FCFF; vertical-align: top" |linear (rate) & threshold
 +
| style="background: #F5F8FF; vertical-align: top" |non-linear & threshold
 +
|-
 +
| style="vertical-align: top" |'''Thresholds'''
 +
| style="background: #FFF5FA; vertical-align: top" |
 +
'''yes:'''
 +
<br/>Max infiltration rate,
 +
<br/>Saturation soil moisture*
 +
<br/> <small>*Saturation excess becomes interflow, not surface runoff</small>
 +
| style="background: #FFF7F5; vertical-align: top" |
 +
'''yes:'''
 +
<br/>Max infiltration rate,
 +
<br/>Saturation soil moisture*
 +
<br/> <small>*Saturation excess becomes interflow, not surface runoff</small>
 +
| style="background: #F5FFF5; vertical-align: top" |
 +
'''yes:'''
 +
<br/>Saturation soil moisture*
 +
<br/> <small>*Fraction of saturation excess becomes "delayed flow"~interflow, not "quickflow"~surface runoff</small>
 +
| style="background: #FFFFF5; vertical-align: top"|
 +
'''yes:'''
 +
<br/>Max infiltration rate ''(calculated),''
 +
<br/>Saturation soil moisture
 +
| style="background: #F5FCFF; vertical-align: top" |
 +
'''yes:'''
 +
<br/>Max infiltration rate (uses K<small>sat</small>),
 +
<br/>Saturation soil moisture
 +
| style="background: #F5F8FF; vertical-align: top" |
 +
'''yes:'''
 +
<br/>Max infiltration rate ''(calculated)'',
 +
<br/>Saturation soil moisture
 +
|}
 +
</br>
  
 
== Evapotranspiration (ET) from groundwater (GW) ==
 
== Evapotranspiration (ET) from groundwater (GW) ==

Revision as of 15:02, 24 November 2023

PAGE IN PROGRESS - MORE COMING SOON!

building process representation overview tables + links to more specific pages about individual processes

Canopy interception and evaporation (vs throughfall)

Algorithm
description 		WRSM-Pitman SPATSIM-Pitman ACRU4 SWAT2012 MIKE-SHE,
semi-distributed &
fully distributed

Algorithm
inputs
(input data,
parameters,
model-calculated
states/storages)


  • Rain
  • Cover properties:
    • max interception


  • Rain
  • Cover properties:
    • max interception


  • Rain
  • PET
  • Canopy storage (state)
  • Cover properties:
    • max interception (OR LAI)


Canopy interception is not explicitly modelled when using daily timestep modelling.
It is implicitly considered in the ‘initial abstraction’, see infiltration & surface runoff below


  • Rain
  • PET
  • Canopy storage (state)
  • Cover properties:
    • LAI
    • canopy interception coefficient


Function
type 		exponential & threshold exponential & threshold threshold threshold
Thresholds

yes:
timestep interception capacity (calculated)

yes:
timestep interception capacity (calculated)

yes:
timestep interception capacity (calculated)

yes:
timestep interception capacity (calculated)


Infiltration into soil moisture (vs surface runoff or surface ponding)

Note: This excludes the case of a modelling unit (HRU, grid cell, area within a subcatchment, etc.) is designated as impervious. In this case, rain inputs would become surface runoff, potentially with a portion staying behind as surface storage/ponding if the area has attenuation specified (to represent roughness and flatness).

Algorithm
description 		WRSM-Pitman SPATSIM-Pitman ACRU4 SWAT2012 MIKE-SHE,
semi-distributed,
more conceptual 		MIKE-SHE,
fully-distributed,
more physical

Algorithm
inputs
(input data,
parameters,
model-calculated
states/storages)


  • Rain
  • Rainfall distribution factor
  • Soil moisture (state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • Infiltration rate distribution (min, max)


  • Rain
  • Rainfall distribution factor
  • Soil moisture (state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • Infiltration rate distribution (min, max)


  • Throughfall (rain-interception)
  • Soil moisture within "infiltration depth"(state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • "Infiltration depth" parameter
    • Macropore by-pass (clay cracking)


  • Throughfall (rain-interception)
  • Soil moisture (state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • Curve number (SCS-CN)
    • Macropore by-pass


  • Throughfall (rain-interception)
  • Soil moisture (state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat),
    • Macropore by-pass


  • Throughfall (rain-interception)
  • Soil moisture (state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • Soil moisture retention curve
    • Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat),
    • Macropore by-pass


Function
type 		non-linear & threshold non-linear & threshold power & threshold power & threshold linear (rate) & threshold non-linear & threshold
Thresholds

yes:
Max infiltration rate,
Saturation soil moisture*
*Saturation excess becomes interflow, not surface runoff

yes:
Max infiltration rate,
Saturation soil moisture*
*Saturation excess becomes interflow, not surface runoff

yes:
Saturation soil moisture*
*Fraction of saturation excess becomes "delayed flow"~interflow, not "quickflow"~surface runoff

yes:
Max infiltration rate (calculated),
Saturation soil moisture

yes:
Max infiltration rate (uses Ksat),
Saturation soil moisture

yes:
Max infiltration rate (calculated),
Saturation soil moisture


Surface runoff to channel network

Note on surface runoff vs ponding and surface storage: Water reaching the land surface which does not infiltrate into soil in a timestep, will either become surface runoff or remain as surface ponding/surface storage. In some models (e.g. Pitman models) all water that does not infiltrate becomes surface runoff. This makes sense when the timestep is long (e.g. a month). If the model represents surface storage, then in subsequent model timesteps this water can evaporate, infiltrate, and/or become surface runoff in the next timestep. Some models have relatively short timesteps (subdaily, daily) compared to the rate at which water would move across a modelled land unit (which could be large, rough, and/or flat, slowing the flow rate), explaining why some water will be considered 'surface storage' in one timestep and then 'surface runoff' in the next timestep in the model. MIKE-SHE can also consider that land surfaces can be very rough, or have dips that trap water, and so some amount surface water will not be able to runoff at all, regardless of a time delay. This water will both evaporate and infiltrate over time.

Algorithm
description 		WRSM-Pitman SPATSIM-Pitman ACRU4 SWAT2012 MIKE-SHE,
semi-distributed,
more conceptual 		MIKE-SHE,
fully-distributed,
more physical

Algorithm
inputs
(input data,
parameters,
model-calculated
states/storages)


  • Surface water present* (state)

*Month timestep: all water not infiltrating becomes runoff


  • Surface water present* (state)

*Month timestep: all water not infiltrating becomes runoff


  • Surface water present* (state)
  • Lag coefficient*

*Lag coefficient separates "quickflow"~surface runoff from "delayed-flow"~interflow. Quickflow portion reaches the channel on the same day generated (rain day). The rest is lagged over subsequent days


  • Surface water present* (state)
  • Surface path properties:
    • Path length
    • Path slope
    • Path roughness (Manning's n)


  • Surface water present* (state)
  • Surface path properties:
    • Detention storage
    • Path length
    • Path slope
    • Path roughness (Manning's n)


  • Surface water present* (state)
  • Surface path properties:
    • Detention storage
    • Path length (from gridded topography)
    • Path slope(from gridded topography)
    • Path roughness (Manning's n)


Function
type 		(no transformation) (no transformation) (no transformation) non-linear non-linear & threshold non-linear & threshold
Thresholds

no*
*none after infiltration has been calculated

no*
*none after infiltration has been calculated

no*
*none after infiltration has been calculated

no*
*none after infiltration has been calculated

yes:
Detention storage

yes:
Detention storage


Evapotranspiration (ET) from soil moisture (SM)

Algorithm
description 		WRSM-Pitman SPATSIM-Pitman ACRU4 SWAT2012 MIKE-SHE,
semi-distributed,
more conceptual 		MIKE-SHE,
fully-distributed,
more physical

Algorithm
inputs
(input data,
parameters,
model-calculated
states/storages)


  • Rain
  • Rainfall distribution factor
  • Soil moisture (state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • Infiltration rate distribution (min, max)


  • Rain
  • Rainfall distribution factor
  • Soil moisture (state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • Infiltration rate distribution (min, max)


  • Throughfall (rain-interception)
  • Soil moisture within "infiltration depth"(state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • "Infiltration depth" parameter
    • Macropore by-pass (clay cracking)


  • Throughfall (rain-interception)
  • Soil moisture (state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • Curve number (SCS-CN)
    • Macropore by-pass


  • Throughfall (rain-interception)
  • Soil moisture (state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat),
    • Macropore by-pass


  • Throughfall (rain-interception)
  • Soil moisture (state)
  • Soil properties:
    • Saturation soil moisture
    • Soil moisture retention curve
    • Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat),
    • Macropore by-pass


Function
type 		non-linear & threshold non-linear & threshold power & threshold power & threshold linear (rate) & threshold non-linear & threshold
Thresholds

yes:
Max infiltration rate,
Saturation soil moisture*
*Saturation excess becomes interflow, not surface runoff

yes:
Max infiltration rate,
Saturation soil moisture*
*Saturation excess becomes interflow, not surface runoff

yes:
Saturation soil moisture*
*Fraction of saturation excess becomes "delayed flow"~interflow, not "quickflow"~surface runoff

yes:
Max infiltration rate (calculated),
Saturation soil moisture

yes:
Max infiltration rate (uses Ksat),
Saturation soil moisture

yes:
Max infiltration rate (calculated),
Saturation soil moisture


Evapotranspiration (ET) from groundwater (GW)

Interflow generation & routing to channel network

Aquifer recharge

Groundwater (GW) flow

Aquifer exchange with channel: aquifer outflow or channel transmission losses

Retrieved from "https://hydromodel-sa-wiki.saeon.ac.za/index.php?title=Process_representation_across_tools&oldid=637"