Difference between revisions of "Applying tools in specific use cases"

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Suggestions relevant to applying different tools to specific use cases - can make separate pages for each and link them to a list here if there is sufficient material
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''' PAGE IN PROGRESS - MORE COMING SOON! '''
  
- IAP & afforestation
+
Comparisons of how the different modelling tools included in this wiki represent some particular catchment features that one may want to explicitly include in a model are summarised below and covered in more detail in linked content pages. These features, such as tree plantations or small farm dams, may exert a large influence on the hydrology of the catchment you are trying to model.  Changes in these features may also be the express reason why you are modelling the catchment, i.e., to estimate the potential impacts of clearing invasive alien plants, restoring wetlands, or expanding irrigation in a particular area.
  
- Riparian zones
+
The reason for modelling a catchment should be one of the main considerations involved in selecting a modelling tool for a particular application. It likely won't be the only consideration, as practical issues are also important (see [[Modelling process overview|modelling process overview here]]), but it is a key one. It is worth being familiar with the various capabilities, limitations, and differences in how these particular elements are represented across models when they are main features of your study catchment. 
  
- Wetlands
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== Invasive alien plants (IAPs) & afforestation ==
 +
[[Invasive alien plants (IAPs) & afforestation]]
  
- Irrigation
+
== Riparian zones ==
 +
[[Riparian zones]]
  
- Small farm dams
+
== Wetlands ==
 +
The definition of wetland representation and an outline of the fundamental wetland descriptions which differentiate wetlands in modelling tools is presented in the [[wetlands]] page.
  
- Groundwater pumping
+
== Irrigation ==
 +
This section provides a summary of how the various tools represent irrigation from different sources. A detailed description of irrigation representation is found [[Irrigation|here.]]
  
 +
==== Irrigation from groundwater ====
 +
● Pitman tools & ACRU: Do not include irrigation from groundwater. ACRU does not include any groundwater withdrawal. Work-arounds in the Pitman tools do not allow for dynamic curtailment of irrigation when groundwater supplies are low.
  
DEMO TABLE TEMPLATE TESTING
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==== Irrigation from reservoirs ====
 +
● MIKE-SHE appears not to include irrigation from storage reservoirs, only runoff river and groundwater
  
{| class="wikitable"
+
==== Irrigation from multiple sources ====
|+<span id = "Table 1 Anchor"> <big>Background & basic characteristics of reviewed modelling tools</big></span>
+
● Pitman tools, ACRU, & SWAT only allow an irrigated area to be irrigated from one source, while MIKE-SHE allows multiple sources to be drawn upon in sequence to meet demands.
! Characteristic !! style='background: #F2CEE0' | WRSM-Pitman !! style='background: #F2D4CE' |SPATSIM-Pitman !! style='background: #CEF2CE' |ACRU !! style='background: #F2F2CE' |SWAT !! style='background: #CEE6F2' |MIKE-SHE
 
|-
 
|'''Developed in South Africa'''
 
|style='background: #FFF5FA' |yes
 
|style='background: #FFF7F5' |yes
 
|style='background: #F5FFF5' |yes
 
|style='background: #FFFFF5' |no
 
|style='background: #F5FCFF' |no
 
|-
 
|'''Current  curator / developer'''
 
|style='background: #FFF5FA' |Bailey  & Pitman Water Resources Ltd
 
|style='background: #FFF7F5' |Rhodes  University, Institute of Water Resources (IWR)
 
|style='background: #F5FFF5' |University of  KwaZulu Natal,  
 
Centre for Water Resources Research (UKZN-CWRR)
 
|style='background: #FFFFF5' |Texas A&M  University &  
 
US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
 
|style='background: #F5FCFF' |Danish Hydrologic  Institute (DHI)
 
|-
 
|'''Free access'''
 
|style='background: #FFF5FA' |yes
 
|style='background: #FFF7F5' |yes
 
|style='background: #F5FFF5' |yes
 
|style='background: #FFFFF5' |yes
 
|style='background: #F5FCFF' |no
 
|-
 
|'''Version reviewed'''
 
|style='background: #FFF5FA' |WRSM-Pitman version 2.9
 
|style='background: #FFF7F5' |SPATSIM  GWv3 Global Options Threaded model
 
|style='background: #F5FFF5' |ACRU  4
 
|style='background: #FFFFF5' |SWAT & ArcSWAT 2012
 
|style='background: #F5FCFF' |MIKE-SHE & MIKE Hydro River, version 2017
 
|-
 
|'''Reference documents'''
 
|style='background: #FFF5FA' |Theory manual: (Bailey, 2015);
 
User manual: (Bailey and Pitman,  2016)
 
|style='background: #FFF7F5' |Theory  papers: (Hughes, 2004, 2013; Kapangaziwiri, 2007);
 
User manual: (Hughes,  2019)
 
|style='background: #F5FFF5' |Theory  manual: (Schulze, 1995);
 
User manuals: (Clark et al., 2012; Schulze and  Davis, 2018)
 
|style='background: #FFFFF5' |Theory  manual: (Neitsch et al., 2011);
 
User manuals: (Arnold et al., 2012)
 
|style='background: #F5FCFF' |Theory  manuals:(DHI, 2017a, 2017b);
 
User’s manuals:(DHI, 2017d, 2017c)
 
|-
 
|'''Intended spatial scale'''
 
'''(catchment or model area)'''
 
|style='background: #FFF5FA' | Local to regional:
 
no suggested min-max model size
 
|style='background: #FFF7F5' | Local to regional:
 
10-10,000’s of km<sup>2</sup>,  more typical:
 
  
100-1,000’s km<sup>2</sup>
+
== Small farm dams ==
|style='background: #F5FFF5' | Field to regional:
+
[[Small farm dams]]
no suggested min-max model size
 
|style='background: #FFFFF5' | Field to regional:
 
no suggested min-max model size
 
|style='background: #F5FCFF' | Field to regional:
 
no suggested min-max model size
 
|-
 
| rowspan="2" |'''Spatial discretisation'''||style='background: #FFF5FA' | Modules ('runoff' modules/subcatchments,
 
special sub-areas, channels, reservoirs) linked by routes
 
|style='background: #FFF7F5' | Subcatchments + limited internal sub-area types ||style='background: #F5FFF5' | HRUs within subcatchments || style='background: #FFFFF5' | HRUs within subcatchments ||style='background: #F5FCFF' | Fully distributed (gridded)
 
OR
 
  
combinations of grids and zones for 
+
== Groundwater pumping ==
 
+
[[Groundwater pumping]]
different process calculations within subcatchments
 
 
 
(if all process zones align, would act like HRUs)
 
|-
 
|style='background: #FFF5FA' |''Intended subcat size < 1,000 km2''||style='background: #FFF7F5' |  ||style='background: #F5FFF5' |''Intended subcat size 5-50 km2;''
 
''HRU size < 30km2''
 
|style='background: #FFFFF5' |  ||style='background: #F5FCFF'|
 
|-
 
|'''Timestep'''||style='background: #FFF5FA' | Monthly* ||style='background: #FFF7F5' | Monthly* ||style='background: #F5FFF5' | Daily ||style='background: #FFFFF5' | Daily, sub-daily ||style='background: #F5FCFF' | Daily, sub-daily
 
(dynamic timestep length,
 
 
 
can vary across processes)
 
|}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+<span id = "Table 1a Anchor"> <big> Intended usage of reviewed modelling tools</big></span>
 
! Intended use !! style='background: #F2CEE0' | WRSM-Pitman !! style='background: #F2D4CE' |SPATSIM-Pitman !! style='background: #CEF2CE' |ACRU !! style='background: #F2F2CE' |SWAT !! style='background: #CEE6F2' |MIKE-SHE
 
|-
 
|''Water balance estimation''|| yes || yes || yes || yes || yes
 
|-
 
|''Design hydrology (flood peaks)''||  ||  || yes || yes || yes
 
|-
 
|''Supply planning (general)''|| yes || yes || yes || yes || yes
 
|-
 
|''Reservoir yield''|| yes || yes || yes || yes || yes
 
|-
 
|''Irrigation planning''|| yes ||  || yes || yes || yes
 
|-
 
|''Groundwater recharge''|| yes || yes || yes || yes || yes
 
|-
 
|''Groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interactions & pumping impacts''|| yes || yes ||  ||  || yes
 
|-
 
|''Land cover change impacts''|| yes || yes || yes || yes || yes
 
|-
 
|''Climate change impacts''|| yes || yes || yes || yes || yes
 
|-
 
|'''Application limitations'''|| Not for peak flow, flood assessment, or design hydrology || Not for peak flow, flood assessment, design hydrology || Not represent deep GW processes - not for GW pumping impact || Not represent deep GW processes ||''(None listed for the modelling system''
 
''as whole, only for certain process''
 
 
 
''representation options.)''
 
|-
 
|'''Specific development focuses particular to tool'''||
 
* Flexible network for tracking managed system transfers,
 
 
 
* GW-SW interaction,
 
* IAP & plantation forestry water use
 
|
 
* Parsimony,
 
* Uncertainty assessment,
 
* GW-SW interactions
 
|
 
* Land cover type representation,
 
* Crop & irrigation detail,
 
* IAP & plantation forestry water use
 
|
 
* Land cover type representation,
 
* Crop & irrigation detail,
 
* Coupling to GIS tools
 
|
 
* Spatial discretisation & fine scale processes,
 
* GW-SW interaction,
 
* Coupled hydraulic channel model with overbank flood process representation
 
|}
 

Latest revision as of 10:06, 4 December 2023

PAGE IN PROGRESS - MORE COMING SOON!

Comparisons of how the different modelling tools included in this wiki represent some particular catchment features that one may want to explicitly include in a model are summarised below and covered in more detail in linked content pages. These features, such as tree plantations or small farm dams, may exert a large influence on the hydrology of the catchment you are trying to model. Changes in these features may also be the express reason why you are modelling the catchment, i.e., to estimate the potential impacts of clearing invasive alien plants, restoring wetlands, or expanding irrigation in a particular area.

The reason for modelling a catchment should be one of the main considerations involved in selecting a modelling tool for a particular application. It likely won't be the only consideration, as practical issues are also important (see modelling process overview here), but it is a key one. It is worth being familiar with the various capabilities, limitations, and differences in how these particular elements are represented across models when they are main features of your study catchment.

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) & afforestation

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) & afforestation

Riparian zones

Riparian zones

Wetlands

The definition of wetland representation and an outline of the fundamental wetland descriptions which differentiate wetlands in modelling tools is presented in the wetlands page.

Irrigation

This section provides a summary of how the various tools represent irrigation from different sources. A detailed description of irrigation representation is found here.

Irrigation from groundwater

● Pitman tools & ACRU: Do not include irrigation from groundwater. ACRU does not include any groundwater withdrawal. Work-arounds in the Pitman tools do not allow for dynamic curtailment of irrigation when groundwater supplies are low.

Irrigation from reservoirs

● MIKE-SHE appears not to include irrigation from storage reservoirs, only runoff river and groundwater

Irrigation from multiple sources

● Pitman tools, ACRU, & SWAT only allow an irrigated area to be irrigated from one source, while MIKE-SHE allows multiple sources to be drawn upon in sequence to meet demands.

Small farm dams

Small farm dams

Groundwater pumping

Groundwater pumping